神经元树突非典型运输途径的微结构和功能的研究进展

细胞中蛋白质的合成和运输是复杂而严格调控的过程,在结构高度特异化的神经元细胞更是如此。神经元树突中存在着不同于其他细胞的独立于胞体运输途径的非典型运输途径,其构成主要有树突mRNA、树突内质网（dER）和树突“外驻”高尔基体(Golgi outposts)。关于这
些细胞微结构的形态分布,其非典型运输的功能以及相关病理学研究近几年有重要的进展。     

Time-saving effects using helicopter transportation: comparison to a ground transportation time predicted using a social navigation software

Previous comparison studies regarding 2 types of transportation, helicopter (HEMS) versus ground emergency medical services (GEMS), have shown underlying heterogeneity as these options have completely different routes and consequent times with reference to one patient. To compare the 2 types of transportation on a case-by-case basis, we analyzed the retrospectively reviewed HEMS and predicted GEMS data using an open-source navigation software.Patients transferred by military HEMS from 2016 to 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. The HEMS records on the time of notification, injury point and destination address, and time required were reviewed. The GEMS data on distance and the predicted time required were acquired using open-source social navigation systems. Comparison analyses between the two types of transportation were conducted. Furthermore, linear logistic regression analyses were performed on the distance and time of the two options.A total of 183 patients were enrolled. There was no statistical difference (P = .3021) in the distance between the 2 types of transportation, and the HEMS time was significantly shorter than that of GEMS (61.31 vs 116.92 minutes, P < .001). The simple linear curves for HEMS and GEMS were separately secured, and two graphs presented the statistical significance (P) as well as reasonable goodness-of-fit (R²). In general, the HEMS graph demonstrates a more gradual slope and narrow distribution compared to that of GEMS.Ideally, HEMS is identified as a better transportation modality because it has a shorter transportation time (56 minutes saved) and a low possibility of potential time delays (larger R²). With a strict patient selection, HEMS can rescue injured or emergent patients who are “out of the golden hour.”     

Air Travel and Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review

CONTEXT: Despite multiple attempts to document and quantify the danger of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following prolonged travel, there is still uncertainty about the magnitude of risk and what can be done to lower it. OBJECTIVES: To review the methodologic strength of the literature, estimate the risk of travel-related VTE, evaluate the efficacy of preventive treatments, and develop evidence-based recommendations for practice. DATA SOURCES: Studies identified from MEDLINE from 1966 through December 2005, supplemented by a review of the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and relevant bibliographies. STUDY SELECTION: We included all clinical studies that either reported primary data concerning travel as a risk factor for VTE or tested preventive measures for travel-related VTE. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers reviewed each study independently to assess inclusion criteria, classify research design, and rate methodologic features. The effect of methodologic differences, VTE risk, and travel duration on VTE rate was evaluated using a logistic regression model. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty-four published reports, totaling 25 studies, met inclusion criteria (6 case-control studies, 10 cohort studies, and 9 randomized controlled trials). Method of screening for VTE [screening ultrasound compared to usual clinical care, odds ratio (OR) 390], outcome measure [all VTE compared to pulmonary embolism (PE) only, OR 21], duration of travel (<6 hours compared to 6-8 hours, OR 0.011), and clinical risk ("higher" risk travelers compared to "lower," OR 3.6) were significantly related to VTE rate. Clinical VTE after prolonged travel is rare [27 PE per million flights diagnosed through usual clinical care, 0.05% symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed through screening ultrasounds], but asymptomatic thrombi of uncertain clinical significance are more common. Graduated compression stockings prevented travel-related VTE (P < 0.05 in 4 of 6 studies), aspirin did not, and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) showed a trend toward efficacy in one study. CONCLUSIONS: All travelers, regardless of VTE risk, should avoid dehydration and frequently exercise leg muscles. Travelers on a flight of less than 6 hours and those with no known risk factors for VTE, regardless of the duration of the flight, do not need DVT prophylaxis. Travelers with 1 or more risk factors for VTE should consider graduated compression stockings and/or LMWH for flights longer than 6 hours.     

The effect of chloroform,orange oil and eucalyptol on root canal transportation in endodontic retreatment

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of solvents on root canal transportation in endodontic retreatment. Sixty extracted human permanent mandibular first molars with curved root canals were selected. All of the root canals were prepared using Twisted File Adaptive instruments (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) and filled with gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) using the cold lateral compaction technique. The teeth were assigned to four retreatment groups as follows (n = 15): eucalyptol, chloroform, orange oil and control. The canals were scanned using cone‐beam computed tomography scanning before and after instrumentation. The chloroform group showed a significantly higher mean transportation value than the orange oil and control groups at the 3 and 5 mm levels (P = 0.011 and P = 0.003, respectively). There was no significant difference among the orange oil, eucalyptol and control groups in terms of canal transportation (P > 0.61). The chloroform led to more canal transportation than the eucalyptol and orange oil during endodontic retreatment.     

基于Elman神经网络的交通流量预测方法

交通流诱导系统是智能交通系统领域中一项重要的研究内容,而交通流量的预测问题则是交通流诱导系统的核心问题。因此,能够实时准确地预测交通流量成为诱导系统是否能够有效实现的关键问题。根据交通流的特性,分析交通数据采集过程中错误数据产生的原因,提出相应的处理方法,并在此基础上采用Elman神经网络对智能交通系统的流量预测进行建模。该系统采用C#并结合Matlab进行开发,通过Elman神经网络算法实现流量的预测,并采用图表的方式直观地显示预测结果。应用结果表明：该方法可以有效地对交通流量进行预测,且预测精度可以满足实际交通诱导的需要。     

根管偏移对充填材料封闭根管能力的影响

目的 :研究弯曲根管预备后的根管偏移对充填材料封闭根管能力的影响。方法 :选取 73颗下颌单根管前磨牙作为研究对象 ,其中弯根管牙 46颗 ,直根管牙 2 7颗。A组 2 3颗弯根管牙用Lightspeed器械预备根管 ,B组 2 3颗弯根管牙、C组 17颗直根管牙以及对照组牙用K锉预备根管 ,预备方法为逐步后退技术。使用双曝光X线技术和Ehrlich法测量根管偏移指数 (ATI)的大小。使用侧向加压技术充填所有根管后 ,用流体传输模型测量每个根管内微渗漏的量。结果 :A组中有 19%的根管发生根管偏移 ,B组中有 85 %的根管发生根管偏移 ,两组之间ATI的大小有高度显著性差异。当ATI大于 0 .3mm时 ,根管内微渗漏的发生率明显增加。结论 :弯曲根管预备中出现的根管偏移会削弱充填材料封闭根管的效果。     

“5·12”汶川地震伤员247例长途转运中的医疗救护

针对“5．12”汶川大地震造成大批人员受伤，解放军昆明疗养院四七八医院紧急医疗队参加了火车长途转运伤员工作，探讨火车长途转运中的医疗卫勤保障经验。转运中遵循选送分类、急救卡运用的救治原则。通过对转运伤员的呼吸道管理、循环系统管理、骨折管理、护理管理、心理护理等方面的有效实施以及组织指挥的合理运用。医疗队行程1160公里，历时21h，安全顺利的转运了247例伤员。无1例伤亡。大批量伤员的长途转运，完善的急救医疗物资准备，对伤员进行分类选送，各系统的分级管理和组织严密，统一指挥是成功转运重要保障。     

综合性医院医疗输送社会化实践

目的探讨大型医院医疗输送社会化改革的方式和方法。方法对目前医疗输送管理现状进行内外因分析,论证社会化改革的必要性与可行性,制定项目进度计划。结果成功推行医疗输送社会化改革,并顺利度过从医院管理到公司管理的磨合期。结论做好调查论证及制定项目进度计划是输送社会化改革成功的前提条件,公开招标并招到专业的医疗输送公司是改革的关键因素,制定和实施应急预案是顺利完成社会化交接的根本保证。     

车载负重感应与GPS定位技术在粪渣收运监管中的应用

以深圳市为例,总结了现有粪便收运方式存在的问题.通过在粪渣收运车上安装压力传感器和GPS定位系统,并通过对测量数据的无线远传,实现了对粪渣收运车行走路线和质量变化情况的实时监控.